1. What is the primary function of the ARP protocol?
a) Encrypt network traffic
b) Map IP addresses to MAC addresses
c) Assign IP addresses dynamically
d) Route packets between networks
Answer: b) Map IP addresses to MAC addresses
Explanation: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) resolves IP addresses to physical MAC addresses on a local network.
2. Which protocol is responsible for reliable, connection-oriented data transfer?
a) UDP
b) ICMP
c) TCP
d) IGMP
Answer: c) TCP
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked data delivery.
3. What is the main purpose of ICMP?
a) File transfers
b) Network diagnostics and error reporting
c) Email delivery
d) Web browsing
Answer: b) Network diagnostics and error reporting
Explanation: ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for ping, traceroute, and error messages like “Destination Unreachable.”
4. Which protocol provides connectionless, unreliable data transmission?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) HTTP
d) FTP
Answer: b) UDP
Explanation: UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is lightweight and fast but does not guarantee delivery or order.
5. What is the function of DHCP?
a) Resolve domain names
b) Automatically assign IP addresses
c) Encrypt network traffic
d) Route packets between networks
Answer: b) Automatically assign IP addresses
Explanation: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
6. Which protocol is used to translate domain names to IP addresses?
a) DHCP
b) DNS
c) ARP
d) NAT
Answer: b) DNS
Explanation: DNS (Domain Name System) converts human-readable domain names (e.g., google.com) to IP addresses.
7. What is the primary role of NAT?
a) Encrypt data
b) Allow multiple devices to share a single public IP
c) Assign MAC addresses
d) Route emails
Answer: b) Allow multiple devices to share a single public IP
Explanation: NAT (Network Address Translation) maps private IPs to a public IP for Internet access.
8. Which protocol ensures secure remote login?
a) Telnet
b) SSH
c) FTP
d) HTTP
Answer: b) SSH
Explanation: SSH (Secure Shell) encrypts remote logins, unlike Telnet, which sends data in plaintext.
9. What is the function of the FTP protocol?
a) Send emails
b) Transfer files between systems
c) Resolve IP addresses
d) Encrypt web traffic
Answer: b) Transfer files between systems
Explanation: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for uploading/downloading files.
10. Which protocol is used for sending emails between servers?
a) HTTP
b) SMTP
c) POP3
d) IMAP
Answer: b) SMTP
Explanation: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) sends emails, while POP3/IMAP retrieves them.
Section 2: Routing & Network Management (11-20)
11. What is the main function of BGP?
a) Assign IP addresses
b) Route traffic between autonomous systems (AS)
c) Encrypt web traffic
d) Resolve domain names
Answer: b) Route traffic between autonomous systems (AS)
Explanation: BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the backbone of Internet routing between ISPs.
12. Which protocol is used for time synchronization?
a) SNMP
b) NTP
c) DHCP
d) ICMP
Answer: b) NTP
Explanation: NTP (Network Time Protocol) synchronizes clocks across devices.
13. What does SNMP do?
a) Manage and monitor network devices
b) Assign IP addresses
c) Encrypt emails
d) Transfer files
Answer: a) Manage and monitor network devices
Explanation: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) collects and organizes device data.
14. Which protocol is used for VoIP (Voice over IP)?
a) HTTP
b) SIP
c) FTP
d) SMTP
Answer: b) SIP
Explanation: SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) sets up VoIP calls.
15. What is the role of OSPF?
a) Encrypt web traffic
b) Dynamically route traffic within an AS
c) Assign MAC addresses
d) Resolve DNS queries
Answer: b) Dynamically route traffic within an AS
Explanation: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) for routing within a network.
16. Which protocol is used for log management?
a) Syslog
b) SNMP
c) DHCP
d) DNS
Answer: a) Syslog
Explanation: Syslog collects and stores log messages from network devices.
17. What is the function of RDP?
a) Secure file transfers
b) Remote desktop access
c) Email encryption
d) Web browsing
Answer: b) Remote desktop access
Explanation: RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) allows GUI-based remote control of Windows systems.
18. Which protocol is used for multicast communication?
a) IGMP
b) ARP
c) DHCP
d) DNS
Answer: a) IGMP
Explanation: IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) manages multicast group memberships.
19. What does TLS/SSL provide?
a) File transfers
b) Email routing
c) Encrypted communication
d) IP assignment
Answer: c) Encrypted communication
Explanation: TLS/SSL secures web traffic (HTTPS), emails, and VPNs.
20. Which protocol is used for VPN tunneling?
a) HTTP
b) IPSec
c) FTP
d) SMTP
Answer: b) IPSec
Explanation: IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) encrypts VPN traffic.
21. What is the primary function of a firewall?
a) Block unauthorized access
b) Assign IP addresses
c) Resolve domain names
d) Transfer files
Answer: a) Block unauthorized access
Explanation: Firewalls filter incoming/outgoing traffic based on security rules.
22. Which protocol is used for secure web browsing?
a) HTTP
b) HTTPS
c) FTP
d) Telnet
Answer: b) HTTPS
Explanation: HTTPS (HTTP Secure) encrypts web traffic using TLS/SSL.
23. What does Kerberos provide?
a) File sharing
b) Network authentication
c) Dynamic IP assignment
d) Email encryption
Answer: b) Network authentication
Explanation: Kerberos provides secure authentication in Windows domains.
24. Which protocol prevents IP spoofing?
a) DHCP Snooping
b) ARP
c) DNS
d) FTP
Answer: a) DHCP Snooping
Explanation: DHCP Snooping blocks rogue DHCP servers.
25. What is the role of RADIUS?
a) Encrypt emails
b) Authenticate remote users
c) Transfer files
d) Route packets
Answer: b) Authenticate remote users
Explanation: RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) verifies user credentials.