An operating system (OS) is the fundamental software that manages and controls all the hardware and software resources of a computer system. It acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware, providing a platform for running applications and facilitating interaction with the computer.
Key Functions of an Operating System:
- Resource Management:
- Memory Management: Allocates and deallocates memory to programs, ensuring efficient use of available memory.
- Processor Management: Schedules and executes processes, optimizing CPU utilization.
- Device Management: Controls and coordinates input/output devices, such as keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices.
- File Management: Organizes and manages files and directories on storage devices.
- User Interface:
- Provides a way for users to interact with the computer, such as through a command-line interface or a graphical user interface (GUI).
- Security:
- Protects the system from unauthorized access and malicious software.
- Network Support:
- Enables communication and resource sharing between computers on a network.
- Application Support:
- Provides a platform for running various applications, such as word processors, web browsers, and games.
Examples of Operating Systems: - Windows
- macOS
- Linux
- Android
- iOS
In essence, the operating system is the foundation upon which all other software operates, ensuring efficient resource utilization, user-friendly interaction, and a secure computing environment.